Punti di Vista sul Mattino nella settimana 12-18 Gennaio 2008 :Gribaudi, Siola,D’Antonio,Rea ,Sforza,Musella, Morganti,Panico e Cosenza 12/01/2008
Weak links in the chain
Gabriella Gribaudi As often happens in our country, the discussion of Neapolitan waste takes place through circumvention of the specific terms of the issue and the historical events that caused the disaster. You must then reconstruct the chain of errors and accountability that led to the current situation. First ring. The race won by Fibe-Impregilo. The race for two energy plants and seven plants Cdr began in 1998 (Special Commissioner Rastrelli) and ended in 2000 (Commissioner Bassolino) was not set correctly, led to the winning company was proposing a less advanced system. The realization was even worse: from plants built by Fibe out that experts call a waste, with a name alluding very significant, "as it is." It is, of waste shredded and packed, but as they are to those who entered, that even if there was the incinerator could not be burnt. This is one of the reasons why the ground is covered with Campania ecoballe that can never be managed in a modern cycle of disposal, but always end up in landfills. In addition, the contract provided that the site of the Acerra incinerator was freely chosen by the winning company. And, for the powers of exemption due to the emergence of the special commissioner, was not required "assessment environmental impact "(Via). Subsequent changes to the order not required but never made a true assessment. Site selection gave rise to conflict with known populations. The company Fibe, the leader and his top Impregilo (Piergiorgio Romiti and Paul) have been accused of fraud against the State and citizens.
The special commissioner of the time, Antonio Bassolino, with the deputy commissioners of "inertia" and lack of control. The process is about to get underway. According to the chain. Separate collection. For the collection were created 18 consortia which depended on police overtime and structures that have proven ineffective, unnecessary and patronage. Inefficiency and waste of money public in some cases have become real people with organized fraud of dubious propriety. In the case of Mondragone and mixed public-private Eco4 showed a relationship with the Camorra. Were made and coated in the 18 consortiums for the collection about 2300 workers then stabilized with a regional contract in 2001. They went through a fast track, members of the unemployed organized cooperatives. Those same for months, indeed for years, had blocked roads, ships in port, with tourists bound to fall, had set fire to rubbish bins and buses, with a genuine urban guerrillas who had captured the city. In compiling the lists were found also in this case collusion with the Camorra, as demonstrated in two trials. These workers do nothing and sabotage and mechanical activity. Third ring. The police station itself. In this respect, for brevity we have to use the words of the committee's year-end, which reaffirms the allegations to the police extraordinary harsh "structural inefficiencies which have proved throughout these years, to compromise on such a scale in an irreversible operation and effectiveness '. We are faced with a dense network of responsibilities and a chain of decisions that, in a vicious circle, led increasingly away from the goals. Through the Extraordinary Commissioner has creato un sistema chiuso e autoreferenziale che è cresciuto su se stesso. Sono proliferate le spese: negli ultimi dieci anni si sono spesi circa 780 milioni di euro all’anno in emolumenti, consulenze, affitti degli immobili; si sono destinati invece unicamente 29 milioni all’anno per investimenti (relazione 2007). L’emergenza ha permesso di saltare procedure trasparenti, di scegliere consulenti e imprese al di fuori della concorrenza, evitare la mediazione con le popolazioni e con le istituzioni locali, annullandone le capacità gestionali. Ha infine prodotto decisioni unilaterali, non misurate con percorsi e contesti concreti. Non c’è stata capacità di previsione e non c’è stato controllo. Si è realizzato a system that at every junction had failures and shortcomings, and these inefficiencies has infiltrated the work of the Camorra: The transport and disposal contractors had subcontracted to other firms, which in turn had subcontracted to even smaller companies, in an uncontrollable chain which are easily incorporated local criminal gangs. But it should be noted, was not the Camorra to direct the plan and to do so fail. The Camorra, and this has its classic role, he managed the gap in the system and took advantage of the historic inability to control the results of their work of government institutions and bells. Source of environmental disaster occurred then there is the work of a domestic company, the Impregilo. The result? A plan, a race, a bad contract, a performance even worse, combined with the total inefficiency of public administration are the root cause of the failure of the waste cycle in Campania. As in the cycle of harmful waste is a close complementarity between national interests and local interests. National and international companies have benefited from the policy of the emergency in exchange for a bad performance. On the other hand, local elites, through the structure of the police, were able to maintain a significant flow of spending, strengthening its power and estendendo la rete di amici e clienti. E a farne le spese sono stati il territorio e i cittadini comuni. Gabriella Gribaudi
13/01/2008
Enti locali senza alibi
Uberto Siola
La tensione legata all’attesa sulla possibile riattivazione della discarica di Pianura è un punto di disagio che permane e solo in parte è temperato da quanto di positivo pur sta accadendo in queste prime giornate di attività di Gianni De Gennaro. La autorevolezza del commissario non è messa in discussione da nessuno, l’esodo via mare di una parte dei rifiuti è un segnale importante, anche perché potrebbe rinviare a soluzioni più sistematiche del problema. La rimozione Garbage undertaken in many parts of the city and the region, finally, returns the sense of an important and significant change.
But it is these positive elements that require us to think about wider issues and, in many ways, the most important. In these hours is necessary to understand that the powers and the presence of a Commissioner can not be an excuse for those who govern the region, provinces and municipalities which in any way they can support, to themselves and others, that the problem of waste has become an exclusive competence of De Gennaro. On the other hand, just scroll down the Law 87/07 to note that the same text that establishes the powers commissarial indicates clear what the duties are the responsibility of local authorities. It is important to present the issue because it must be remembered that the Commissioner will be in action only 120 days and then return to the ordinariness of the administrative and political management of waste. And that will certainly be the moment of truth because you can make an argument about the responsibilities of both previous - reasoning that today, in front of the emergency, should be postponed - and how it has been managed, in the presence and in collaboration with the Commissioner, the situation in the four months of office. The main responsibility lies with the next 120 days Commons. So far those of Campania have absorbed a lot of resources in the negotiations which started with them, mistakenly given to the resolution of each problem and never according to a general logic. What is more often the central powers commissarial represented an alibi for the municipalities to do little or nothing in the collection of waste. The result of this procedure is the failure by the vast majority of cases, the collection as a lack of application still be considered the source of the whole matter.
Just in relation to the collection, see the official data Campania in sixteenth place among the twenty Italian regions, with that percentage barely reached ten percent. Arrive as soon as possible to values \u200b\u200babove 40% is imperative task of Commons Campania. The eventual failure, if it can not be sanctioned, as until recently it was possible to do with the commissioner, must be hit in the delivery mechanism of the regional resources in all sectors. Who is not right with the issue of recycling has no right to ask for the solidarity of all in the allocation of available resources. A crucial responsibility that can not escape and the municipalities that will see all the administrations involved in an effort to coaching and complementary action of the Commissioner. On the other hand, the provinces can not ignore the provisions of Article 6 of Law 87, where the presidents of the provinces are assigned duties and responsibilities of deputy commissioners with the specific function of contributing to the planning and implementation of the full implementation of initiatives for the solution of the problem. This role that, except rare cases, the provinces have not yet exercised. Where, as always, to the proposed site was opposite a 'policy of no "that never supported by any counter-proposal, it has almost never led to anything. Finally
the region: it touches the central task to develop, in these 120 days, development plans, starting from the weak point that the area affected, return to various parts of territory with a view not only drawn into the logic of compensation for the damage but assuming that it can delineate the new conditions of development. To do this, the region must be considered during the closed negotiations with the municipality and open instead, now, a season in which the development is not understood and more sector-related activities, but the individual is hired as a growth engine for single homogeneous areas in which the region is subdivided. We must stop with sector policies that have often seen the leadership of one or the assessor and to assume the Presidency's role as promoter of development, with the support of the actions that the individual sectors will need to go take. This is the challenge the ruling classes of Campania should take. Above all, it must do so in the next 120 days, working with the Commissioner in the actions undertaken, helping with the collection and so on environmental restoration, finally starting an argument that the development, using EU funds for 2007-2013, can not lead us out only waste from the tunnel but also that of economic decline and social problems. Uberto Siola
14/01/2008
The distance between the buildings and the company
Mariano D'Antonio
How did this happen? Why Neapolitans have suffered for years the disaster waste refusing to enforce the right to a clean, hygienic conditions worthy of a third Italian metropolis? Because only a few citizens aware and informed, to which this newspaper over the years has given a voice, have called for time to their duties, ministers, parliamentarians, mayors, presidents of joints, Cabinet members, while the majority of the population then was silent except for occasional protest in anger as has happened in recent days, demonstrations infiltrated by troublemakers, from violent criminals from?
These questions I was asked recently by friends and colleagues at the University who live elsewhere, far from Naples and Campania, someone abroad. I have not been easy to answer, especially when my partner was an economist who added to their list of the most disturbing question.
But the politicians in your region do not realize that, absorbed in their games rebound responsibilities, tactics, waiting for those who make the first move, with the waste crisis have crippled the local economy? You do not realize that they have inflicted wounds so deep that the collective reputation will be difficult to heal? Aside from the usual distinction between politicians who continue to do serious (there are also in Naples!) And political quaquaraquà, a term used Sciascia, among those who bear the greatest responsibility and those who had to bow their heads before to his party or the very powerful opponents, thinking and thinking to these questions I am convinced of having to explain things with at least two arguments. The first is this: in Naples on the relationship between politicians and citizens, including institutions governed by politicians and the people that they should be, was always a relationship between two separate worlds meet occasionally, for example, during election campaigns or when there are resources, benefits, jobs, jobs to distribute. It may be objected that it always has been. I reply that this separation, this opposition between politics and population has grown over the last ten, fifteen years for several reasons: for the dissolution the large mass parties, the crisis of trade unions that have become more and more associations of retirees and fewer active workers, for a selection that leads down to the fore new political recruited more for loyalty to the old and less, much less merit personal. This has produced perverse interaction between political representatives and citizens represented that s'ignorano each other. We want a proof? At the last household survey, their lifestyles, their preferences, conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and published last November, it appears that in Campania 45% of respondents aged 14 and over never talks about politics (against percentage which are lowered around 30% in the Centre-Nord) and 37% said, also in Campania, which does not inform one of Italian politics ever (these are about 20% dlla population in the Centre-Nord). Other significant information regarding access to means of mass communications in Campania those who read at least five times daily for a week are 30% of the population (compared to 40% in the Italian average), while those using the Internet are just 26% of the population (37% in the Italian average). If you never talk about politics, if not informed, if not read a newspaper and not using the Internet, at least the inhabitants of Campania engage in other social activities? Needless to say: of 100 inhabitants poco più di 4 nella nostra regione prestano attività gratuita in associazioni di volontariato contro 11 che lo fanno nel Nord d'Italia. Attenzione: non sto dicendo che qui da noi il declino della rappresentanza politica è dovuto al disimpegno dei cittadini. Dico che tra i due fenomeni si è stabilita un'interdipendenza viziosa: più i politici parlano di sé e per sé, più la gente si disinteressa e non s'informa della politica; più cresce il disinteresse dei cittadini, più i politici si estraniano dai bisogni della gente comune e rischiano di diventare una casta che si autoperpetua. C'è poi un'altra considerazione che mi sento di fare a margine del disastro dell'immondizia che si è verificato nei giorni scorsi a Naples. It is a view as an economist. In these weeks of acute discomfort of the population, the suffering inflicted on entire categories of production, the gloomy predictions about the future of the local economy, there have been few protests and proposals that came from unions, associations of business interests, craftsmen, producers, cooperatives. The silence was more deafening than the unions. Apart from a statement issued in Rome Wednesday, January 9 by national secretariats of the CGIL, CISL and UIL, a generic statement and insignificant, we have not read anything else. The secretaries of trade unions in Campania Michele Gravano CGIL, CISL and Anna Cerrito Peter Rea of \u200b\u200bUil, to my knowledge, have been silent, have their say on waste crisis. As if the issue was of little interest to the categories of employees and retirees that they represent. The same can be said for the leaders of the business (except for Confindustria Campania), craftsmen and so on, except that a few cases have mostly been silent. Why the silence, because a few voices were raised from the world of production? You can give different interpretations. One is that would have prevailed a feeling of resignation, as if we were all faced with a fatality, the garbage crisis, which is considered an unexpected event, dropped from the sky. Another explanation is that trade unions and representatives of entrepreneurship wanted to distance itself from the controversy and critical policy issues that the disaster does not collect garbage or treated raised. Finally, there is malicious interpretation: did not want to disturb the powerful national and local politicians who are still capable of delivering full-bodied resources, even if the results of public spending in Campania have been and are likely to be disappointing as well in the future the world of productive labor and business still genuinely healthy and vital. Mariano D'Antonio
16/01/2008
INTERVENTION
The time for action
Anna Rea * We are still in the midst of the waste. A lack of national solidarity (except honorable exceptions), the streets overflowing with garbage, the students at home, the economy in the knee, an image to be ashamed for months if not years: it is a dark picture, but we had already UIL Campania as outlined six months ago. We have little impact on the conclusions of that meeting. Perhaps to be our excuse the isolation to which we have been subjected to much of the political class and civil society when, together with the ICFTU, we took ten thousand workers and retirees outside the headquarters of the region to voice their policy is sufficient to penalize for the weaker classes.
We have been accused of leadership, of collusion with the instances of the center, it does not recognize the deep foundations of the Renaissance in Naples. Today, however, visibly swell the ranks of those who are "against" and never said but always with precision and with a sense of responsibility as the attack once and for all the waste emergency in Campania. An emergency daughter of a policy that did not want to decide not to antagonize anyone, with the damage and the mockery of a costly waste of public funds in their own environment only help to fuel a power system. There will be time and opportunity to weigh guilt and responsibility, not only in political, business and legal but also within del sindacato stesso, perché è proprio difficile che tutto possa cadere nel dimenticatoio. Oggi è necessario ripulire la Campania dalla spazzatura nel più breve tempo possibile e rendere praticabile un normale ciclo dei rifiuti. Ancora a settembre abbiamo indicato i punti imprescindibili delle nostre proposte sull’emergenza: sì alle discariche già individuate dal decreto Bertolaso; sì ad un’accelerazione della messa in uso dei termovalizzatori; denuncia degli amministratori locali che ritardavano la raccolta differenziata; chiusura definitiva dell’esperienza del Commissariato e dei consorzi di bacino, con conseguente ritorno dei poteri agli enti locali; riqualificazione e bonifica del territorio e del sottosuolo; screeening health for all citizens of the areas at risk. Today it is necessary to eradicate all forms of instrumentality and arrogance to make way for the assumption by all of their responsibilities. What some politicians continue to do, to downloading other unpopular decisions, is irresponsible: it just does not need to start the virtuous circle in the relationship between citizens and institutions. Not everything will be drowned by the mountains of rubbish: Naples and Campania hardworking, honest, quiet, must find the strength to emerge. These days I am reminded of the slogan as a trade union confederation, in the sad days of the earthquake, coniammo: "Everything can not go back as before." And this It bears repeating even in the midst of this tragedy, as rightly has called President Giorgio Napolitano. As has been stressed, right on the Morning, the philosopher Aldo Masullo, it must immediately be put in place appropriate technical, cultural, civil and democratic passion. In the absence of even one of these factors, I am convinced that the Commissioner is likely to fail again. But what interests us most, as a trade union, is to ensure that embodies the indifference, despair and violence. We must rebuild our social organization's mission, we need to talk to people, put to work our terminal in the workplace and in the area, as promoters of a new civic consciousness. Cause, In short, the mobilization of consciences that bring to bear against the Camorra, involving first-person national leaders of the union confederations - Angeletti, and Epifani Bonanni. So we strongly urge that you have to be tightened on the choices to put in a position to verify the times and conditions, from a quality and proper use of public resources. Anna Rea * General Secretary of UIL Campania
15/01/2008
How to manage waste
Antonio Sforza
In their work on the Morning dedicated to the problem of waste disposal, Guido Vittorio Silvestrini, and Trombley hanno opportunamente ribadito l’importanza della raccolta differenziata e di una efficace comunicazione con i cittadini. Essi hanno inoltre messo in evidenza che, una volta usciti da questa ultima drammatica emergenza, si rende necessario e indispensabile un approccio scientifico e duraturo al problema. La loro autorevole opinione spinge a fare alcune riflessioni sulle possibili forme di questo approccio scientifico. Prima riflessione. Il fatto che l’emergenza rifiuti sia ricorrente (come l’emergenza traffico per intenderci) non la rende più tale, anche se non per questo la situazione si configura come meno grave. Il ricorrere di una malattia fa pensare che la cura medica adottata sia sbagliata. Viene da pensare quindi che ci sia qualche vizio di fondo technical approach, as well as political and administrative, to the solution of the problem. Waste disposal is not only a problem of environmental, chemical physics and technology, for which you need to speak only of combustion burners, gasifiers, ash, and dioxin pollution of the water. It is also a problem of land management, which is essential for the localization speak excellent facilities, transport network, fleet of vehicles, human resources management. If such an approach had been adopted in a timely manner maybe they would find other possible locations of CDR and incinerators, for which may need to build the road link, so as to maintain the standards of environmental protection, maximizing at the same time, the distance from the nearest.
It would be neutralized, or at least reduced, the protests, in some cases unjustified, citizenship who thought of having to suffer for the choices made. The problem arises again for the location of new landfills in which you can not do without, both in this emergency phase, once under way, and so-called transfer facilities from the municipalities to Cdr. Second thought. It is appropriate that the collection, which is essential for proper system operation of the system is based on an adequate and comprehensive project management, off to one side to the mechanism of separation and storage waste by citizens, the other in the collection system on the road. The willingness of citizens to respect the rules would be much higher if the collection was also supported by a technology for the identification and monetization of waste each household in order to make a reduction of local taxation to the amount of waste properly filed. Third reflection. The Tecnostrutture of local government for the territory, at any level, municipal, provincial and regional levels, appear to be inadequate, although existing, fully and consciously to address the problem of waste disposal. In Naples there is an office that converses adequately with the leaders and engineers in Asia, and does not seem to have heard the opinion of some provincial or regional technical on the current dramatic events. In short, local authorities do not consider it appropriate enhance the skills and roles in an industry that is increasingly crucial for the proper functioning of the environmental and land. This choice is clearly the loser, not forcing them to have their own opinion on the subject, as is the case for transport, urban or underground, and therefore can not consciously interact with external powers that now can and should provide the necessary operational and methodological support. Perhaps it's starting from this point.
Antonio Sforza, Professor of Operations Research and network optimization of the Faculty of Engineering - Federico II
16/01/2008
The example serves
Luigi Musella
Failure solidarity part of many regions in accepting waste from Campania and the obstacles that stand in the way many governments, as is the case in Sardegna Soru, who seemed to reignite questions aside for years. In some cases there has been talk of 'disputed' land at risk of destabilizing the already shaky unity of the country in the midst of a dramatic emergency: not many hands outstretched to a city and a region not always popular. In other tones are used often unacceptable. Victor Felts spoke of two civilizations, "There is nothing to do, in Italy there are two different worlds, it would seem irreconcilable '
And Giorgio Bocca, confirming accents become customary for him, wrote:" I do not have any Neapolitan Camorra but have embraced the language Camorra. " The rules of politics would eventually absorb the rules of the economy, as happened in Eastern Europe. Mouth seems the food inedible Neapolitan history and culture (in the broadest sense and complex) due to a blurred cauldron where they found "family values, violence, maschilismo, superstizione, pornografia con l’ossessione consumistica come unico criterio di giudizio». Il consumismo, insomma, avrebbe «travolto con le sue immondizie le ultime resistenze civili di Napoli». Queste parole, che ben poco servono a comprendere le nuove dinamiche economiche, sociali e culturali di Napoli e del Sud, non meriterebbero commenti se non finissero poi per ripetere superficiali stereotipi e sgradevoli apprezzamenti. In alcuni casi la generica comprensione del fenomeno finisce in realtà per colorarsi di venature razzistiche o giù di lì. C’è di più e di peggio: la genericità dell’analisi anche sui rifiuti della Campania è il frutto di una cultura che, allontanandosi dalla questione meridionale, si è in fondo allontanata dalla questione italiana. Ma tant’è, al di là degli aiuti e delle critiche - giuste o pretestuose che siano. Resta, però, il dato di fondo: l’immondizia a terra e la grave crisi che è sotto i nostri occhi, la vergogna per una vicenda che ci colpisce nella dignità di cittadini. E allora, se è vero che l’antisudismo non produce nulla di buono e serve solo a rafforzare modalità odiose, c’è tuttavia da parte nostra la necessità di reagire. Bisogna finirla, una buona volta, di attendere l’aiuto altrui: è necessario preoccuparsi direttamente di quello che accade in casa nostra. Anche l’aiuto delle altre regioni può servire per poco time, and - in practice - for a very limited amount of waste. I do not need no always, the barricades against everything and everyone is unproductive. Especially if it's up to us, in a spirit of sacrifice, to set a good example. You can not just ask others if we are not ourselves responsible and authors of our own destiny and that of our children. To each their own responsibility, it is true. Who has ill-governed, and operated worst, is judged at the time. And track strong and indelible mark on this matter will remain in Naples who has rejected a cave in the darkness of history. But citizens can not remain unarmed, or at worst give a negative signal: it is not only the image but most of our daily lives. E allora, in Campania, nei giusti modi, bisogna provvedere alla riapertura delle discariche in previsione di un piano organico di realizzazione dei termovalizzatori che possa avviare a definitiva soluzione il problema. E poi resta il nocciolo - a medio e lungo termine - della raccolta differenziata che parte dalle abitazioni di ciascuno di noi: non può essere avviata senza una precisa responsabilizzazione di chi la fa. Un coinvolgimento che non ammette ulteriori rinvii. Altrimenti non possiamo più lamentarci se qualcuno non ci tenderà più la mano in caso di una ulteriore, drammatica emergenza. Luigi Musella
17/01/2008
IL RACCONTO
Nel Mito infangato
David Morgan
The rain in the Campi Flegrei has nothing to purify, it is filthy, dirty, smear, or nearly everything he touches. In declining areas, such as those of Solfatara, the garbage is dragged downstream, when it succeeds, in large part goes to get in between the parked cars, being filled as filthy sandwiches. The sketches, which raise the cars are yellow stain as spit sick, as of rat urine. And stick to your clothes. Everywhere you grow a disgusting mess that sticks to the soles of your shoes, eyes, skin and throat. Massimo, physical therapist, is convinced that the area flegrea should serve the sentence of the rebellion of Pisa, so you do not see yet no garbage truck or a bulldozer army. "They want to force us to accept the dump, leaving the garbage," he adds convinced. Beside Olivetti minidiscarica a disorderly formed on a sidewalk, but just take a few steps to the front of the ruins of the Roman work is coming to light. Thank goodness that is closed to the public because it has the right capacity to hold tons of garbage uncontrolled source. In front of the private park and an impressive series of bags, up to Arco Felice. The old signs have names that suggest emotions dense. In fact, the Campi Flegrei are now a garbage can without shame, from which no puts his head out. If you follow the road that leads to the acropolis of Cumae, where the bottom of important discoveries are happening, there will be nothing but trash to do archaeological traces. It swells and expands so distressing. It is considered a side street, a little joke, and therefore suitable for all types of disposable waste. From the car you throw bags, then you go elsewhere. A Via Napoli, at the height of the skeleton of an old restaurant remains incomprehensibly standing, a group of condominiums paid a fee of twenty euro per family to remove dozens of bags from a canal that had fallen into the sea, where There are dozens of boats anchored. In short, the sea is cercando di imitare il male di quanto avviene a terra. Le spiagge ormai vengono utilizzate per depositare spazzatura di vario genere, basta andare su quelle di Lucrino e Arco Felice, dove enormi sacchetti imputridiscono dentro quello che resta di cabine che aumentano il senso di degrado e di abbandono. È un emporio dello squallore senza fine. Ma nessuno (chi?) rimuove nulla. Virgilio oggi avrebbe persino paura di poggiare il piede sulla sabbia, per timore di infezioni, tanto sono ridotte in condizioni pietose. Dei topi scavalcano dei cumuli di spazzatura, per infilarsi in un buco nel muro. L’ingresso dei laghi dà inizio a una passeggiata fatta di liquami e buste con loghi diversi. Angela, insegnante di una Monterusciello ingoiata dall’immondizia, points out the garbage continues to go plastic, cardboard, glass and aluminum. "People have not learned anything, continues to throw everything down the street without restraint." Around here there are more sites of myths. Licola is the largest lot darker, where everyone feels entitled to throw up his day. There are areas that look like the desperate slums of Africa. The road routes stretching to Fusaro, behind Bacoli, have been attacked in some places so the garbage to make the homecoming a case of psychoanalysis. There are more myths, they are covered with sewage. Drowned. Remain in the words that are useless. Virgil today the sixth canto of rewrite elsewhere. The Campi Flegrei are now part of the soft and coarse hell. The garbage they have a foul regurgitation. The market stalls are next to rubbish, they sell food and clothing with the screeching gulls low, before sinking the bill in a plastic bag. Dogs tear wrappings, stick their nose in and eat. The few tourists climb over heaps of blacks, before reaching the other side of the road. Around here no longer drop. But perhaps it had been written by Virgil, otherwise why the hell to hold in what was once a paradise? David Morgan
VIEWS
Brake alarmism Salvatore Panico
A state of mind that the waste emergency in Campania has established, beyond the current state of indignation, is the fear that the presence of garbage in the streets is inevitably a danger of outbreaks of acute and chronic diseases. CONTINUED ON PAGE. 45L'esigenza that you feel is fair to rely on information, not interested, scientifically defined, a condition is not immediately recognizable as the raging controversy between groups, and political and social interests. To bring clarity to distinguish between the possible effects of this garbage in the street (a condition that lasts a long time, but hopefully be resolved in a few weeks) and those related to the presence of landfills, incinerators and Cdr. The first time they appear to those who are of more concern in the population and it is on these that is worth some consideration. Faced with the condition of presence of garbage in the streets and parking is now head in the collective concern for acute outbreaks, those related to the spread of infectious diseases. An important question which we must respond with the utmost seriousness as possible to avoid wasting energy to individual and collective unnecessary alarm and try to direct it towards the solution of concrete problems. The greatest dangers arise from the possibility of encountering the fecal-oral transmitted diseases that develop in contact with the garbage. If we imagine that the safety of workers who are in contact with the dirt is guaranteed, the general population has no particular reason to fear, since it is reasonable to think that there are no direct contacts with the garbage. The problem mainly occurs for those segments of the population marginal for reasons of necessity have more contact with the material found in the street, to meet the needs of feeding, cover and build "nests" for shelter. Initiatives are needed to support these population groups not only to prevent others from disease, but not costituiscano a loro volta un terminale di contagio per gli altri cittadini. Del tutto irrilevante è il pericolo di contagio per via aerea; solo l’attribuzione di poteri magici ai miasmi può far credere a ciò. In teoria un passaggio di infezioni potrebbe avvenire attraverso vettori (le mosche), anche se una condizione decisiva sarebbe costituita da un numero imponente di insetti sistematicamente a fare la spola tra immondizia e case. In effetti, attualmente non è rilevabile alcuna modifica del numero delle notifiche di malattie infettive in Campania, in particolare quelle più diffuse come la salmonellosi non tifoidea, la febbre tifoide, la diarrea infettiva e l’epatite A. Per restare in ambito di trasferimento di infezione da animali a specie umana, molta impressione provoca la presenza di ratti, in particolare per la paura di contagio per leptospirosi. In questo caso, i ratti infettati possono far veicolare l’infezione solamente se la loro urina si mescola con liquidi che successivamente entrano in contatto con la cute delle persone; anche in questo caso una possibilità legata essenzialmente alla condizione vissuta da fasce veramente marginali. Da quello che la letteratura scientifica ci indica e dall’osservazione quotidiana dei dati, ad oggi la paura di epidemie infettive appare poco incombente, contando anche sulle condizioni climatiche dell’inverno, che fortunatamente non le favoriscono. È ovvio che il perdurare della condizione di stazionamento in strada dell’immondizia non fa escludere che il quadro di rassicurazione possa modificarsi: la richiesta di liberare le strade subito è sacrosanta.
Salvatore Panico Docente della Federico II - Dipartimento di Medicina clinica e sperimentale
18/01/2008
La lezione di Brunner
Edoardo Cosenza La conferenza di Paul Brunner, organizzata lo scorso martedì dall'Università di Napoli Federico II, ha offerto molti spunti di riflessione. Credo che tutti siano stati colpiti dalla estrema chiarezza di idee e dalla semplicità di esposizione, tipica di chi le cose le racconta perché le ha fatte, non solo studiate. E poi l'assoluta flemma, per niente scalfita da una situazione comprensibilmente On the other hand hot Brunner explained well that had already addressed a gathering of 2500 alone angry Austrians, who absolutely did not want an incinerator. Now the incinerator is there, fully functioning to the satisfaction of all. It also stated that we have not the primacy of inefficiency: even in Germany years ago had ended up in a "emergency" similar to ours, with a lack of landfills, and a protest was mounted by the dramatic. For a while, 'had sent the waste in Switzerland, and then paying the incineration were resolved by ending the construction of incinerators that burn even today our garbage. The Germans had used shouted tones, typical of those meets things that do not know well. It seems to tick the devil. Then things were explained and understood, finally, the crisis was over. The approach of the conference was a surprise for me. I got to go to dinner with him and I realized that the simplicity of exposition and clarity of ideas came from his personal history: Degree in Chemistry in Zurich and then Master in Civil Engineering at Stanford University in California, now a professor of Waste Management ( Waste Management) at Vienna University of Technology and designer of the famous city incinerator in full. So was able to clarify the problem in its chemical, ingegnerisitici, management. By the way, has quietly ate dinner buffalo mozzarella, liked a lot. To tell the truth I too looked very good. During the conference presented a brief history of the problem, with the evolution of pollution from human waste from birth, through the period of the 70 pollutants from incinerators and ending with the grid of our times that are completely safe. How to Vienna and Acerra to speak. Then he said very clearly that an incinerator, effectively controlling the process, can burn any waste safely. Just as a landfill, a site with well-chosen and good execution, may store any waste safely. What incinerate and send it to landfill is just about economics. If you then disposed of in an 'incinerator' come quello di Acerra, allora si produce anche elettricità. Se il costo economico o sociale della discarica è elevato, come in Campania, si deve incentivare molto la raccolta differenziata ed usare impianti di compostaggio per l'umido. In realtà anche in Italia ci sono esempi, se ci pensiamo bene: a Venezia la differenziata costerebbe talmente tanto, che è più semplice ed economico incenerire tutto, nel termovalorizzatore che hanno costruito. Dunque il messaggio è stato molto tranquillizzante: il chimico-ingegnere-economista Paul Brunner conferma che si può utilizzare qualsiasi tecnica per smaltire i rifiuti, sempre in sicurezza. La sicurezza dipende solo dalla nostra capacità di controllo. La scelta finale è di natura economica. Of course, Brunner has fully understood and clearly stated that the problem is psychological Campania now: everyone is afraid of everything. That is the crisis of confidence, a crisis of trust law as he said in his clear English. As the rector Trombley, trust can come back and the crisis can be overcome if everyone does well what it's doing. So for us, as engineers and teachers, we can not help but groped to explain in simple technical questions. Reassuring when you can calm and alert when you should alert. Never screaming. Edward Cosenza Dean of the Faculty of Engineering
